]> ms. 6 Rowland (Henry Augustus) 1848-1901 Papers 1793-1970 Ms. 6 Margaret N. Burri Special Collections, The Milton S. Eisenhower Library, The Johns Hopkins University
3400 N. Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21218 USA Phone: (410) 516-8323
Machine-readable finding aid encoded by Marius Stan Finding aid written in English Rowland (Henry Augustus) 1848-1901 Papers 1793-1970 Ms. 6 Special CollectionsThe Milton S. Eisenhower Library The Johns Hopkins University Contact Information Special Collections The Milton S. Eisenhower Library The Johns Hopkins University 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21218 (410) 516-8323 Margaret N. Burri September 1988 Marius Stan

©2004 The Johns Hopkins University

 Descriptive Summary Ms. 6 Rowland (Henry Augustus) 1848-1901 Papers 1793-1970 Rowland, Henry Augustus, 1848-1901 Johns Hopkins University. Special Collections 50 document boxes, 2 flat boxes; 56 volumes (30 linear ft.) English The collection spans the years 1793 to 1970, but the bulk of the material is that created by Rowland and dates from 1868 to 1901. The papers consist of correspondence, diaries, research notebooks, lab notes and calculations, patents and agreements, lectures, writings, bills and receipts, reprints, and newspaper clippings. The collection is particularly strong in documenting Rowland's contributions to the history of technology. His student notebooks, writings and lab notes reveal much about the experimental processes of physics in the late nineteenth century.The notebook series (Series 4) covers both Rowland's days as a student at RPI and his years as a professor at Hopkins. The RPI notebooks (Boxes 20-22) are useful for the information they provide about physics and engineering training in the late nineteenth century. Of particular interest are Rowland's notes on lectures he attended in mechanics and astronomy, and his technical drawing notebooks.Three items in the writing series (Series 5) also illustrate Rowland's earliest work. They are "The Work Done on Unequal Masses by Equal Froces in Equal Times" (1868), "The Magnetic Electric Machine. Hints on the Improvement. September 1868," and his senior thesis, "Steam Engine with Variable Cut-off" (1870)Before beginning his appointment at Hopkins, Rowland, at Daniel Coit Gilman's suggestion, took an extended trip to Europe. His aim was to study both experimental and teaching methods in university physics departments. He visited Kings College, Cambridge; University College, London; University of Edinburgh; University Glasgow; College of France; Leipzig and Gratz. Rowland kept a notebook with his impressions (Box 22). This, along with his letters to Gilman (Ms. 1, Series 1) document the state of European science in the late nineteenth century.Rowland depended on his graduate students to help him in his research. Two of the notebooks from the Hopkins period contain lab data collected by graduate fellows. An 1882 notebook (Box 25) contains experimental data on diffraction gratings compiled by Charles Herschel Koyl; "Experiments upon Roentgen's X-Rays" contains results obtained by other students. The Johns Hopkins University series (Series 2) documents the codification of scientific research in the late nineteenth century. Rowland's reports on the work of the Physical Laboratory, lists of lab supplies and books purchased, and proposed floor plans indicate his desire to properly train a new generation of physicists. Additional information about Rowland's work in the University may be found in his letters to Daniel Coit Gilman (Ms. 1, Series 1). Rowland was interested in two significant scientific developments of the nineteenth century: the telegraph and hydroelectric power. He parlayed his expertise with electrical circuits into a business venture when he founded the Rowland Multiplex Printing Telegraph Company in 1898. Much of its success was due to the work of Joseph Penniman and Henry Wiegand. Former students of Rowland, the two set up and displayed the telegraph to the public. Letters from them to Rowland in the Rowland Multiplex Printing Telegraph Company series describe their efforts. The bulk of the correspondence covers public trials in Jersey City (1898-1899) and at the Paris Exhibition of 1900. Wiegand's own student and research notebooks are in Ms. 127.In 1892, the Cataract Construction Company of New York undertook a study to determine the best type of dynamo to use in the proposed hydroelectric power plant at Niagara Falls. They retained Henry Rowland as a consultant. Rowland reviewed proposals by competing companies: General Electric, Westinghouse, Atelier Oerlikon and Cie. l'Industrie; and evaluated the recommendations presented by another consulting engineer, George Forbes. When the company refused to pay Rowland's final bill, he sued. Correspondence, research notes, proposals and court transcripts form the Cataract Construction series.Although both the Cataract Construction Company and the Rowland Multiplex Telegraphic Company series contain most of the correspondence relevent to their contents, additional material may be found in the general correspondence series. For example, Louis de Goll's (president of the Printing Telegraph Company) letters to Rowland and correspondence from William Marbury, who represented Rowland in the Cataract case, are filed alphabetically in the correspondence series. De Goll's letters illustrate the legal issues and increasing bureaucratization of the patent process.The letters in the correspondence series comment mostly on scientific developments. John Brashear, the manufacturer in charge of the production of plates for Rowland's diffraction gratings, wrote extensively to Rowland. Colleagues and former students updated him on the status of their work.The correspondence series also contains Rowland's letters to his family. Begun when he was a student at Rensselaer Polytechnic (1874), and continuing through his tenure at Hopkins, they illustrate academic and family life in the late nineteenth century.Rowland kept informed of other scientific research through several collections of reprints. Among his papers were the first of three reprint collections. This was Rowland's personal reprint collection and is Series 8 of Rowland's papers. Rowland also owned a separate reprint collection which had been gathered by George G. Stokes of the Royal Society. These reprints were bound topically as were Rowland's and were cataloged in the Eisenhower general stacks. The largest number of the Stokes Collection volumes have the call number QC 3 S87 vol. 1-52. There are other volumes of Stokes reprints under other call numbers. The third collection of reprints formed the Henry A. Rowland Memorial Library. These too were bound topically and have various call numbers beginning QC 3 in the Eisenhower general stacks. There are 128 volumes on topics such as absorption, metallic reflection, electrical discharges in gases, ionization, magneto-optics, spectra of the elements, spectrum memoirs, physics of the stars, and the papers of William Wallace Campbell, A. Crova, Elster, Julius Geitel, Julius Fenyi, George Hale, W.N. Hartley, Angelo Secchi, Samuel Pierpont Langley, Eugen Cornelius Joseph von Lommel, Ch. Montigny, Henri Poincare, Charles Piazzi Smyth, George G. Stokes, Peter Guthrie Tait, Emilio Villari, H.C. Vogel, F.L.O. Wadsworth, Weidemann and Schmidt, R. Wolf, and R.W. Wood. Administrative Information Provenance

The papers were donated at different times: approximately 100 items by Mrs. Henry A. Rowland in 1943; the notebooks by Dr. John Whitehead in 1943; and the bulk of the manuscripts by Rowland's children, Harriet and Davidge Rowland, in about 1950. In July 1991, Mrs. Elizabeth Rowland Mayor, Henry Rowland's granddaughter, donated approximately 100 items including correspondence, awards, reprints, and a diary. The accession number for this material is 91-92.1.

Use Restrictions

Permission to publish material from this collection must be requested in writing from the Manuscripts Librarian, Milton S. Eisenhower Library, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Md. 21218.

 Preferred Citation

Henry Augustus Rowland Papers Ms. 6 Special Collections Milton S. Eisenhower Library The Johns Hopkins University

 Biographical Note

Henry Augustus Rowland was born in Honesdale, Pennsylvania on November 27, l848, the son of a Presbyterian clergyman. He graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Troy, New York) in 1870 as a civil engineer and was engaged during 1871 in the surveying of a railroad in western New York state. For a time he taught at Wooster University, but in 1872 he returned to Rensselaer as instructor in physics, becoming Assistant Professor in 1874. Rowland spent a year abroad studying with Helmholtz in Berlin, and examining physical laboratories in Europe. In 1876 he accepted the Chair of Physics, with charge of the laboratory, in the newly founded Johns Hopkins University. He held this post until his death in 1901. He married Henrietta Harrison in 1890. They had three children, Harriet, Henry and Davidge.

Rowland's original work was extensive and his findings drew on numerous researches made under his supervision at Johns Hopkins. Among his many notable achievements were his discoveries in the determination of the mechanical equivalent of heat, and his determination of the standard Ohm. He gained a world-wide reputation by his large diffraction gratings. These were exhibited at the National Academy of Sciences in 1883 and subsequently at various international exhibitions. He served as an engineering consultant for the harnessing of the water power of Niagara Falls to create electricity. The last years of his life were devoted to refining and marketing his version of the multiplex telegraph.

Numerous degrees and honors were conferred upon Rowland for his scientific work. He received the degree of Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins in 1880 and that of the LLD from Yale in 1895 and from Princeton in 1896. He became a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1881 for service on the jury of the electrical exhibition at the Electrical Congress in Paris that year, and in 1896 he was made an Officer of the Legion of Honor.

 Description of Series/Container List Series 1: Correspondence. Series 1: Correspondence, 1868-1901 15 boxes

There is some correspondence relating to honors and awards in the Personal Series Box 16. Correspondence regarding the Multiplex Telegraphic Company and the Cataract Construction Company are in Series 5 and 6.

There are also family letters in this series. Rowland wrote to his mother and sisters while at school and during his tenure at Hopkins. The letters span 1865-1901. Correspondence of Rowland's wife, Henrietta Harrison Rowland, and his daughter, Harriette Rowland, are included here. Most of the letters are incoming, with a few drafts of outgoing letters by Mrs. Rowland. There is a selection of Henry Rowland's letters written to Mrs. Rowland from the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893. Other of Mrs. Rowland's letters were received after Henry's death, and focus on various legal problems she encountered over royalties on Rowland's patents. There are also folders of invitations filed with Henrietta's correspondence.

Rowland's incoming letters, some with copies of his replies, have been arranged alphabetically by writer. A complete list of correspondents is in the container list.

 Box Contents 1 Stenographer's notebook, October 23, 1899. 1 Abbe, Cleveland 1 Abbey, A. M. 1 Abbot, Henry L. 1 Abel, E. W. 1 Abney, W. de W. 1 Academie Royale des Sciences de Suede 1 Academy of Music 1 Achard, Ferdinand A. 1 Adams, A. Wellington 1 Adams, B. B. 1 Adee, Alvey A. 1 Agassiz, A. 1 Ahlerman, L. B. 1 Albany Institute 1 Alexander, J. P. 1 Alpha Delta Phi 1 American Association for the Advancement of Science 1 American Book Company 1 American Journal of Mathematics 1 American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1 American Meterological Society 1 American Patent Society 1 American Physical Society 1 Ames, Joseph S. 1 Anderson, Andrew 1 Anderson, F. A. 1 Anderson, G. G. 1 Anderson, W. E. 1 Anderson, William A. 1 Anthony, James S. 1 Aquilar, R. 1 Arbol, Emilio B. 1 Armstrong, E. A. 1 Ashworth, James 1 Associated News Bureau 1 Associated Literary Press 1 Athenaeum (Club), London 1 Atkinson, Edward 1 Austin, B. W. 1 Austin, H. L. 1 Auto-Ignitor 1 Ayras, Brown 1 Ayrton, W. E. 1 Bachmetjew, P. 1 Baird, S. F. 1 Baker, B. N. 1 Baker, E. B. 1 Baker, T. W. 1 Baldwin & Pennington 1 Baltimore Liederkrantz 1 Bannister, Lemuel 1 Barker, George F. 1 Barnes, Howard T. 1 Barns, Carl 1 Barnssen, Carl 1 Barrett, J. P. 1 Barrett, W. F. 1 Basquin, Olin H. 1 Bassnett, Thomas 1 Baudin Institute 1 Bayard, Thomas F. 1 Bazley, Thomas S. 1 Beach, F. C. 1 Becquerel, Henri 1 Bedell, Frederick 1 Beethoven Chorus Class 1 Beidler, H. M. (Patent) 1 Bell, Alexander Graham 1 Bell, Louis 1 Bell, Mabel Gardener 1 Bell, Robert 1 Bemrose, Joseph 1 Benjamin, E. B. 1 Benjamin, Marcus 1 Bennett, O. W. 1 Bentley, Edward M. 1 Berkerich, Karl 1 Berliner, E. 1 Bernard, A. W. 1 Bernstein, B. 1 Bertholet, Alfred 1 Bertoli, Adolpho 1 Besose, Adolfo E. 1 Bevier, Louis Jr. 2 Biddle, James G. 2 Bidwell, Benson 2 Bigelow, Frank H. 2 Biggs, C. H. W. 2 Bigio, Giovanni 2 Billings, John S. 2 Bischoffsheim, R. 2 Bissing, Gustav 2 Black, Charles N. 2 Black, A. S. C. 2 Black, B. and B. 2 Blaine, James G. 2 Blanchard, A. Bailly 2 Blaserna, Pietro 2 Bliss, William J. A. 2 Bliss, L. D. 2 Blum, Emile 2 Bolles, Frederick J. 2 Bonaparte, Charles J. 2 Bonney, J. G. 2 Boernstein, R. 2 Bourbouze 2 Bouty, E. S. 2 Bowen, Edward H. 2 Boys, C. V. 2 Brach, F. C. 2 Brackett, Byron B. 2 Bradford, Kyle & Co. 2 Bradford Machine Tool 2 Bradford Mill Company 2 Brandenburg, H. V. & Co. 2 Brandon and Sons 2 Bramwell, Frederick 2 Brashear, J. A. 2 Briggs, Lyman J. 2 British Association for Advancement of Science 2 Brooks, (David) 2 Brooks, William R. 2 Brown, Alexander 2 Brown and Eberhardt 2 Brown and Sharp Manufacturing Company 2 Brown, Boverie & Company 2 Brown Brothers & Company 2 Brown, G. W. 2 Brown, S. A. 2 Brown, W. J. 2 Brown, Shipley & Company 2 Brathaupt, W. H. 2 Bryan, Samuel M. 2 Buckingham, C. L. 2 Burandell, F. E. 2 Burckhardt, M. 2 Burmeister, Estelle 2 Burr, William H. 2 Butterworth, Benjamin 2 Byers, Tennie 2 Cadwallader, Bassett 2 Canadian Pacific Time Table 2 Capehart, A. S. 2 Capital City Club 2 Carbonell, C. 2 Carichoff, E. 2 Case, Isaac L. 2 Cattell, J. McK. 2 Caziasc, Louis V. 2 Canadian Patent Office 2 Capron, J. Rand 2 Carhart, Henry S. 2 Chamberlin, R. 2 Chandler, C. F. 2 Chandler, John R. 2 Chandler, S. C. 2 Chardonnet, Comte de 2 Charlesworth, Edward 2 Chase, F. A. 2 Chase, M. 2 Chessni, Alexander S. 2 Chester, Charles T. 2 Cheston, H. C. 2 Chicago World's Congress of Electricians 2 Childs, Arthur E. 2 Christiansen, C. 2 Civil Engineers Exploration Syndicate 2 Clark, A. C. & Sons 2 Clark, Frank P. 2 Clark University 2 Clarke, C. M. 2 Clarke, Eliot C. 2 Clarke, F. W. 2 Clay, C. J. & Sons 2 Clifton, R. B. 3 Cochery, Georges 3 Cochran, James 3 Coffin, J. H. C. 3 Coles, Stephen L. 3 Collerdon, Loris 3 Collier, Charles A. 3 Collier Charles B. 3 Collingwood, C. 3 Collins, W. H. 3 Colomba, G. 3 Comstock, C. B. 3 Corrington, W. 3 Conkey, W. B. G. 3 Conover, P. V. 3 Contemporary Club 3 Cook, J. Glenn 3 Cooper, William A. 3 Copeland, Ralph 3 Cornu, Alfred 3 Cowee, James F. 3 Cowles, Eugene H. 3 Cox, Jacob D. 3 Cox, John 3 Crafts, J. M. 3 Crapski, Siegfried 3 Crauford 3 Crew, Henry 3 Crocker, Curtis and Wheeler 3 Crocker Wheeler Company 3 Crockett, C. W. 3 Cronin, John S. 3 Crosby, O. J. 3 Cross, Charles R. 3 Cuenod, J. 3 Currie, Stanley C. 3 Daft, Leo 3 Damiens 3 Dana, Charles A. 3 Dana, E. S. 3 Dana, James D. 3 Dana, Paul 3 Dana & Stillman 3 Danchell, Frederick K. 3 Daniel, John 3 Darlington, Frederick 3 Darmstaedter, L. 3 Darwin, L. H. 3 Davies, John E. 3 Davis, George R. 3 Davis, Harry P. 3 Davis, John 3 Davis, Turner & Company 3 Dawson, G. William 3 Day, W. S. 3 Deering, W. H. 3 De Ferranti, Sebastian Z. 3 DeGoll, Louis 3 Delman, Marcel 3 Dennis, L. M. 3 Dequi, S. M. 3 Derby, George 3 Deslandres, H. 3 Dewar, James 3 Dexter, Franklin B. 3 Dickerson, Edward N. 3 Dickson, A. W. 3 Diets Boutique 3 Dimon & Dixon 3 Dirkinbine, James 3 Dodd, Meade & Company 3 Dodge, Richard E. 3 Dorn, Friedrich Ernst 3 Dorsey, N. Ernst 3 Dolivo, M. von 3 Dobrowolsky, M. 3 Draper, Anna 3 Draper, Henry 3 Drew, Samuel 3 Drown, J. M. 3 Drowne, Charles 3 Dudley, P. H. 3 Duell, C. H. 3 Duncan, Louis 3 Duncanbe, Cecil 3 Duner, N. C. 3 Duvall, A. Leslie 3 Duvelius, A. L. 3 Dyer, Richard N. 4 Ebert, H. 4 Eckert, Thomas T. 4 Eder, Josef M. 4 Edison, Thomas A. (Letters and Patents) 4 Egoroff, N. 4 Eichelberger, H. L. 4 Eichhorn, Charles F. 4 Eimer and Amend 4 Elder, Robert W. 4 Electrical Standards Committee 4 Electrical Trades Directory 4 "Electrical World" 4 Eliot, W. G. 4 Elkridge Fox Hunting Club 4 Elliott Brothers 4 Ellis, Frederick W. 4 Elphinstone, G. B. 4 Emery, E. 4 Empire City Electric Company 4 Engle, Horace M. 4 Ettinghousen, Albert 4 Everett, T. D. 4 Ewing, J. A. 4 Exner, F. 4 Faraday, Michael 4 Fara, Count 4 Farrand, S. A. 4 Fauque de Ionquieres 4 Ferry, Erwin S. 4 Fessender, Reginald A. 4 Fewsmith, J. 4 Field, Stephen D. 4 Fine, H. B. 4 Finley, John P. 4 Finney, Joseph K. 4 Fisher, D. K. 4 Fisher, S. T. 4 Fisher, William A. 4 Fitzgerald, George F. 4 Fleischer, Richard 4 Flower, W. H. 4 Ford, S. W. 4 Forman, Allan 4 Forsyth, John 4 Foster, G. Carey 4 Foster, I. S. 4 Foster, M. E. 4 Fowler, Frank R. 4 Fox, William L. 4 Francis, William Jr. 4 Franco, Eugenio de Lacerda 4 Freeman, H. H. 4 Frelinghuysen, Frederick T. 4 French, John C. 4 Fromme, Carl F. F. 4 Frost, Francis R. 4 Frothingham, Arthur L. 4 Fuller, Arthur G. 4 Fulton, R. B. 4 Gage, L. T. 4 Gardiner, Caroline 4 Gardner, H. 4 Garnett, William 4 Garrett, Allan V. 4 Garrett, Mary E. 4 Gauss & Weber 4 Gawtry, H. W. 4 Geddes, Patrick 4 Gibbs, J.W. 4 Gibbs, Walcott 4 Giddings, Franklin H. 4 Gilliams Press Syndicate 4 Gill, John of R. 4 Glover, Charles 4 Gminder, Jacob 6 Iles, M. W. 6 Institut de France 6 International Electric Congress 6 Instituto Fisico 6 Italian General Exhibition, 1898 6 Jackson, Andrew 6 Jackson, Charles L. 6 Jacobson, John 6 Jacques, William W. 6 Jenkin, Fleming 6 Jencks, Francis 6 Jewell, Lewis E. 6 Johnson, Edward H. 6 Johnson, Reverdy 6 Johnson, S. W. 6 Johnson, W. C. 6 Jones, F. W. 6 Jones, James P. 6 Jones, Levin T. 6 Joule, James P. 6 Junar, Charles 6 Justice, Philip M. 6 Keyser, Heinrich 6 Kahle, K. 6 Kaiserlichen Patentamtes 6 Kampfe, Richard 6 Kann, L. 6 Kedzie, J. H. 6 Keeler, J. F. 6 Keep, W. T. 6 Keim, E. T. 6 Kellogg, Milo T. 6 Kelvin, William Thompson 6 Kennedy, Rankin 6 Kennelly, A. E. 6 Kent, Norton A. 6 Kieckhoefer, H. T. 6 Kikuechi, D. 6 Kilbourn, G. C. 6 Kimball, Arthur L. 6 Kinkead, George B. 6 Kirker, Harry L. 6 Kite, Henry F. 6 Klemencic, T. 6 Knauer, E. 6 Knight, Walter H. 6 Knolbaum, F. 6 Knott, C. G. 6 Knowles, Edward R. 6 Kohlrausch, Friedrich 6 Koenig, Rudolph 6 Kontz, A. L. 6 Koyl, C. Herschel 6 Kunz, George F. 6 Lamme, Benjamin G. 6 Landretti, Oliver H. 6 Langley, S. P. 6 Lange, Philip 6 Latham, L. H. 6 Lathood Company 6 Lay, H. A. Jr. 6 Lebon, M. E. 6 Lee, Columbus O'Donnell 6 Lee, Henry 6 Leeds, Morris E. 6 Leidy, Joseph 6 Lettsom, W. G. 6 Leurstrom, J. 6 de Lepinay, J. M. 6 Lewis, J. R. 7 Lindemann, A. F. 7 Lintner, George A. 7 Lippincott, J. B. & Company 7 Litton, A. 7 Livingston, Henry Co. 7 Lockyer, J. Norman 7 Lodge, Oliver J. 7 Lohse, O. 7 Longsman, Green, & Company 7 Loumis E. H. 7 Lord, H. C. 7 Lord, Willis 7 Love, James L. 7 Love, John C. 7 Lummer, O. 7 Lungren, C. M. 7 Lunt, Alexander D. 7 Lurz, John & Brothers 7 Luxton, E. Denning 7 Lyons, Joseph 7 Macallum, A. B. 7 Mach, Ludwig 7 Machado, Jose A. 7 Machen, Arthur B. 7 MacLeod, F. N. 7 Mackenzie, A. S. 7 Maclure, Frank 7 MacMillan & Company 7 Macpherson, P. T. 7 Mali, Charles 7 Marburg, Theodore 7 Marbury, William L. 7 Marey, E. F. 7 Marks, William D. 7 Marquis, A. N. & Co. 7 Marsh, O. C. 7 Marshall, Henry R. 7 Marshall, Martin 7 Martin, Henry Newell 7 Martin, T. C. 7 Mascart, E. F. N. 7 Mashoff, J. 7 Masser, W. H. 7 Matthews, Samuel 7 Mayer and Mueller 7 Maxwell, James Clerk 7 Mayer, Alfred M. 7 Mayer, Louis H. 7 McCarty, Richard J. 7 McClure, S. S. 7 McConnell, James C. 7 McCormick, G. A. 7 McCulloch, R. S. 7 McGregor, John 7 McJenkin, Paul 7 McKay, John S. 7 McKay, T. C. 7 McKeen, Frank 7 McLaughlin, James F. 7 McMillan, Charles 7 McMillan, W. G. 7 Mee, Robert 7 Megear, Alter 7 Meigs, M. C. 7 Mendenhall, T. C. 7 Mengarini, B. 7 Merritt, Ernest 7 Meyer, B. 7 Meyer, O. E. 7 Meyersteins 7 Meysenburg 7 Michaelis, O. F. 7 Michelson, Albert A. 7 Michie, Peter S. 7 Middleton, Hugh C. 7 Miller, B. J. 7 Miller, Fred J. 7 Miller, W. D. 7 Milligan and Wheeler 7 Millis, John 7 Mills, E. W. 7 Mills, J. P. 7 Mills, S. M. 7 Mills, William W. 7 Mitchell, S. Weir 7 Mitsukuri, K. 7 Mohn, Henri E. 7 Moore, Clara Bloomfield 7 Moore, J. B. 7 More, Louis T. 7 Morgan, Robert C. 7 Morse, Edward S. 7 Morton, George N. 7 Morton, Henry 7 Morton, Reed & Company 7 Morton, W. H. 7 Moss, Frank 7 Muguai, A. 7 Muirhead, Alex 7 Mulligan, P. F. 7 Munker, George 7 Murray, D. 7 Murray, N. 8 National Academy of Sciences 8 National Brotherhood of Electrical Workers 8 National Conference of Electricians 8 National Standardizing Bureau 8 Neeper, Alexander M. 8 Nelson, Knute 8 Newcomb, Anita R. 8 Newcomb, Simon 8 Nichols, Edward 8 Nichols, O. F. 8 Nightingale, Craig E. 8 Nims, H. B. & Company 8 Nipher, Francis E. 8 Nixon, Henry B. 8 Nobel Prize Foundation 8 Northrup, Edwin F. 8 Northwest Businessmen and Taxpayers Association 8 Novack, Vladimir 8 Nunn, L. L. 8 Nuttall, George H. F. 8 O'Connor, W. P. 8 Old, George H. 8 Oliver, Charles K. 8 Olney, Richard 8 Orndorff, W. R. 8 O'Reilly, M. F. 8 Osler, William 8 Osmond, J. Thornton 8 Paine, Henry M. 8 Palmer, Henry J. 8 Paret T. Dunkin 8 Park, Harvey S. 8 Parker, Charles J. 8 Parks, C. Wellman 8 Parssens, H. B. 8 Parsons, A. S. 8 Paschen, Frederick 8 Pattison, Hugh L. 8 Paul and Kampfe 8 Peabody Institute 8 Peirce, C. S. 8 Penniman, George Dobbin 8 Pepper, William 8 Perkins, Charles A. 8 Perin, Nelson 8 Pernet, T. 8 Perreaux, R. 8 Perrine, C. D. 8 Perrine, Frederick A. C. 8 Perrow, George L. 8 Perry, John 8 Perry, Nelson W. 8 Petty, J. T. 8 Pfannkuche, Gustav 8 Philadelphia, City of 8 Phillips, Eugene F. 8 Physical Society of London 8 Pi Eta Scientific Society 8 Pickering, Edward C. 8 Pickering, James E. 8 Piedmond Driving Club 8 Pillsbury, J. H. 8 Pinnells, C. E. 8 Pitman, Charles E. 8 Pitone, R. F. 8 Pittsbury Writing Machine 8 Pneumatic Power Transmission 8 Poiner, P. F. 8 Pope, Ralph W. 8 Porter, George F. 8 Potter, Joseph B. 8 Powell, J. W. 8 Powless, William H. 8 Pratt and Whitney 8 Preece, W. H. 8 Prentiss, William A. 8 Price, Charles W. 8 Price, McCormick Company 8 Princeton Sesquicentennial Celebration 8 Pritchett, Henry S. 8 Pupin, M. A. 8 Pyke, Lazarus S. M. 9 Queens and Company 9 Randle, E. H. 9 Randolph, J. H. 9 Raps, A. 9 Rankine, William B. 9 Rayleigh, John William Strutt 9 Reber, Samuel 9 Redfern, G. F. and Co. 9 Redfield, Robert 9 Rees, J. K. 9 Reese, Herbert M. 9 Reinold, A. W. 9 Remsen, Ira 9 Rennselaer Polytechnic Institute 9 Republique Francaise 9 Rice, Charles 9 Richard, Oscar L. 9 Richards, Francis H. 9 Richardson, Frederick A. 9 Riecke, Edward 9 Riggs, Lawrason 9 Rising, W. B. 9 Ritchie, E. S. and Sons 9 Roberts, T. N. 9 Roberts, W. C. 9 Robinson, Mrs. John Moncure 9 Rockwell, George T. 9 Rogers, Howard J. 9 Rogers, William A. 9 Roiti, Antonio 9 Rohrbeck, W. J. and Company 9 Roller, Frank W. 9 Rollins, W. 9 Romeike, Henry 9 Rood, Ogden N. 9 Rosa, E. B. 9 Roscoe, Henry E. 9 Rose, R. H. and Sons 9 Rosenberg, Emil 9 Royal Astronomical Society 9 Royal Society 9 Royce, William A. 9 Rudd, Charles H. 9 Rudge, W. A. 9 Ruhnkorff 9 Runge, C. 9 Russell, Charles P. 9 Russell, H. C. 9 Rydberg, J. R. 9 Ryder, Charles 9 Sala 9 Salenne, J. 9 Samuel, Herman 9 Scharffetter, Henry 9 Scheel, Karl 9 Schenck, Charles Carroll 9 Schiaffino, Prospero 9 Schickert, Hugo 9 Schmid, Albert 9 Schmid and Almme 9 Schmidt and Haensch 9 Schneider, Theodore C. 9 Schumann, V. 9 Schuster, Arthur 9 Scott 9 Scott, Charles F. 9 Scott-Siddons 9 Scribner, Henry . 9 Scudder, Paul H. 9 See, T. J. J. 9 Seymour, John S. 9 Shapleigh, Waldron 9 Sharrer, W. O. 9 Shea, Daniel W. 9 Sherman, O. T. 9 Sherman, William F. 9 Shingleton, W. 9 Short, Sidney H. 9 Sellers, Coleman 10 Siemans, Ernest Werner 10 Silliman, J. M. 10 Siloff, P. 10 Simon, Hermann T. 10 Simonton, T. D. 10 Singer and Berens 10 Skinner, E. V. 10 Smith, C. Michie 10 Smith, D. W. 10 Smith, E. G. 10 Smith, F. C. 10 Smith, J. F. W. 10 Smith, J. Lawrence 10 Smith, Kirby F. 10 Smith, T. A. 10 Smith, W. O. 10 Smith, W. R. 10 Smyth, C. Piazzi 10 Sneider, C. E. 10 Snyder, Charles P. 10 Snyder, M. B. 10 Societe Francaise de Physique 10 Souysmith, Charles 10 Spear, Ellis 10 Spence, W. W. 10 Stamm, Otto 10 Stanford, Leland 10 Stanwood, Edward 10 Starr, A. A. 10 Spee, l'abbe 10 Sprague, Frank J. 10 Squier, George 10 Stanley, William 10 Steele, A. B. 10 Stetson, Francis Lynde 10 Steuart, Arthur 10 Stevens, James S. 10 Stevens, W. LeConte 10 Stickney, Austin 10 Stillwell, L. B. 10 Stocksdale, Arthur L. 10 Stoddard, O. N. 10 Stoletow, A. 10 Stoney, G. Johnstone 10 Stodder, J. C. 10 Stranco, Paolo 10 Strange, D. P. 10 Stratton, S. W. 10 Struve, Otto 10 Stuart, James 10 Students' Trade Bureau 10 Suess, Werner 10 Sumpner, W. E. 10 Swann, Thomas 10 Swann, William 10 Swift, James A. 10 Sydow 10 Sylvester, John 10 Taltarall, J. B. 10 Tammer, G. H. 10 Taylor, Henry L. 10 Taylor, Jonathan K. 10 Teague, Francis 10 Tear, M. E. 10 Terry, Charles A. 10 Tesla, Nikola 10 Thatcher, John Boyd 10 Thalen, Robert 11 Thomas, William M. 11 Thompson, S. P. 11 Thompson, Sylvanus P. 11 Thompson, Sir William 11 Thomson, Elihu 11 Thomson, J. M. 11 Thomson, J. J. 11 Thomson, James M. 11 Tichner, G. C. 11 Tinsley, George W. 11 Tissot, Eduard L. 11 Titsworth, A. A. 11 Tomlinson, John C. 11 Tompkins, D. H. 11 Townsend, Henry C. 11 Tregoning, John 11 Trouvelet, E. L. 11 Trowbridge, Augustus 11 Trowbridge, John 11 Troy Scientific Association 11 Tucker, George 11 Turrettini, J. 11 Tweed, W. M. (Pamphlet) 11 Tyler, Edmund L. 11 Tyndall Lectures 11 Tyson, Jesse 11 United States Commission to the Paris Exhibition of 1900 11 United States Department of Agriculture 11 United States Electrical Commission 11 United States Electrical Conference, 1884 11 United States Money Order 11 University Club (Washington, D. C.) 11 University of Cambridge Jubilee, 1899 11 Upham, Warren 11 Valiant, Stacy 11 Van DePoele, Charles J. 11 Van der Weyde, Peter H. 11 Van Name, George 11 Van Nius, C. S. 11 Van Nostrand, D. 11 Vermilye, W. G. 11 Vernon, Henry 11 de Veuve, Prentiss 11 Vigerean, A. 11 Villard, H. 11 Vogel, H. W. 11 Voss, K. 11 Waddell, J. A. L. 11 Wadsworth, M. E. 11 Wagner, Mary S. 11 Wahl, William M. 11 Waidner, Charles W. 11 Walcott, Charles D. 11 Wale, George and Company 11 Walker Company 11 Walter, Hugo 11 Walter, Duvelius and Merrill 11 Warburg, E. 11 Warren, S. Edward 11 Watson, W. and Sons 11 Watts, W. Marshall 11 Wead, Charles 11 Weaver, W. D. 11 West, Andrew F. 11 West, J. D. and Company 11 Westinghouse, George Jr. 11 Westinghouse and Scott 11 Weston, Edward 11 Wetzler, Joseph 11 Wheeler, A. W. 11 Wheeler, William B. 11 Whipple, G. M. 11 White, James 11 White, James T. 11 White, Stanford 11 White, Theodore G. 11 White, W. F. 11 Whitehead, John B. Jr. 11 Whitehead, J. B. 12 Whitman and Wilkinson 12 Wickes, Edward A. 12 Wiedemann, G. 12 Wilkinson, Ernest 12 Wilkinson & Fisher 12 Willyoung, Elmer G. 12 Wilmerding, G. L. 12 Wilson, C. E. 12 Wilson, Stephen J. 12 Winand & Bilberg 12</